Tattvabodha (Adi Shankaracharya)

dhyānaṃ
vāsudēvēndrayōgīndraṃ natvā jñānapradaṃ gurum ।
mumukṣūṇāṃ hitārthāya tattvabōdhōbhidhīyatē ॥

sādhanachatuṣṭayasampannādhikāriṇāṃ mōkṣasādhanabhūtaṃ
tattvavivēkaprakāraṃ vakṣyāmaḥ ।

sādhanachatuṣṭayam
sādhanachatuṣṭayaṃ kim ?
nityānityavastuvivēkaḥ ।
ihāmutrārthaphalabhōgavirāgaḥ ।
śamādiṣaṭkasampattiḥ ।
mumukṣutvaṃ chēti ।

nityānityavastuvivēkaḥ
nityānityavastuvivēkaḥ kaḥ ?
nityavastvēkaṃ brahma tadvyatiriktaṃ sarvamanityam ।
ayamēva nityānityavastuvivēkaḥ ।

virāgaḥ
virāgaḥ kaḥ ?
ihasvargabhōgēṣu ichChārāhityam ।

śamādisādhanasampattiḥ
śamādisādhanasampattiḥ kā ?
śamō dama uparamastitikṣā śraddhā samādhānaṃ cha iti ।śamaḥ kaḥ ?
manōnigrahaḥ ।
damaḥ kaḥ ?
chakṣurādibāhyēndriyanigrahaḥ ।
uparamaḥ kaḥ ?
svadharmānuṣṭhānamēva ।
titikṣā kā ?
śītōṣṇasukhaduḥkhādisahiṣṇutvam ।
śraddhā kīdṛśī ?
guruvēdāntavākyādiṣu viśvāsaḥ śraddhā ।
samādhānaṃ kim ?
chittaikāgratā ।

mumukṣutvaṃ
mumukṣutvaṃ kim ?
mōkṣō mē bhūyād iti ichChā ।
ētat sādhanachatuṣṭayam ।
tatastattvavivēkasyādhikāriṇō bhavanti ।

tattvavivēkaḥ
tattvavivēkaḥ kaḥ ?
ātmā satyaṃ tadanyat sarvaṃ mithyēti ।ātmā kaḥ ?
sthūlasūkṣmakāraṇaśarīrādvyatiriktaḥ pañchakōśātītaḥ san
avasthātrayasākṣī sachchidānandasvarūpaḥ san
yastiṣṭhati sa ātmā ।

śarīratrayaṃ (sthūlaśarīram)
sthūlaśarīraṃ kim ?
pañchīkṛtapañchamahābhūtaiḥ kṛtaṃ satkarmajanyaṃ
sukhaduḥkhādibhōgāyatanaṃ śarīram
asti jāyatē vardhatē vipariṇamatē apakṣīyatē vinaśyatīti
ṣaḍvikāravadētatsthūlaśarīram ।

śarīratrayaṃ (sūkṣmaśarīram)
sūkṣmaśarīraṃ kim ?
apañchīkṛtapañchamahābhūtaiḥ kṛtaṃ satkarmajanyaṃ
sukhaduḥkhādibhōgasādhanaṃ
pañchajñānēndriyāṇi pañchakarmēndriyāṇi pañchaprāṇādayaḥ
manaśchaikaṃ buddhiśchaikā
ēvaṃ saptadaśākalābhiḥ saha yattiṣṭhati tatsūkṣmaśarīram ।

jñānēndriyāṇi
śrōtraṃ tvak chakṣuḥ rasanā ghrāṇaṃ iti pañcha jñānēndriyāṇi ।
śrōtrasya digdēvatā ।
tvachō vāyuḥ ।
chakṣuṣaḥ sūryaḥ ।
rasanāyā varuṇaḥ ।
ghrāṇasya aśvinau ।
iti jñānēndriyadēvatāḥ ।
śrōtrasya viṣayaḥ śabdagrahaṇam ।
tvachō viṣayaḥ sparśagrahaṇam ।
chakṣuṣō viṣayaḥ rūpagrahaṇam ।
rasanāyā viṣayaḥ rasagrahaṇam ।
ghrāṇasya viṣayaḥ gandhagrahaṇaṃ iti ।

pañchakarmēndriyāṇi
vākpāṇipādapāyūpasthānīti pañchakarmēndriyāṇi ।
vāchō dēvatā vahniḥ ।
hastayōrindraḥ ।
pādayōrviṣṇuḥ ।
pāyōrmṛtyuḥ ।
upasthasya prajāpatiḥ ।
iti karmēndriyadēvatāḥ ।
vāchō viṣayaḥ bhāṣaṇam ।
pāṇyōrviṣayaḥ vastugrahaṇam ।
pādayōrviṣayaḥ gamanam ।
pāyōrviṣayaḥ malatyāgaḥ ।
upasthasya viṣayaḥ ānanda iti ।

kāraṇaśarīram
kāraṇaśarīraṃ kim ?
anirvāchyānādyavidyārūpaṃ śarīradvayasya kāraṇamātraṃ
satsvarūpā’jñānaṃ nirvikalpakarūpaṃ yadasti tatkāraṇaśarīram ।

avasthātrayam
avasthātrayaṃ kim ?
jāgratsvapnasuṣuptyavasthāḥ ।

jāgradavasthā
jāgradavasthā kā ?
śrōtrādijñānēndriyaiḥ śabdādiviṣayaiścha jñāyatē iti yat
sā jāgradāvasthā ।
sthūla śarīrābhimānī ātmā viśva ityuchyatē ।

svapnāvasthā
svapnāvasthā kēti chēt ?
jāgradavasthāyāṃ yaddṛṣṭaṃ yad śrutam
tajjanitavāsanayā nidrāsamayē yaḥ prapañchaḥ pratīyatē sā
svapnāvasthā ।
sūkṣmaśarīrābhimānī ātmā taijasa ityuchyatē ।

suṣuptyavasthā
ataḥ suṣuptyavasthā kā ?
ahaṃ kimapi na jānāmi sukhēna mayā nidrā’nubhūyata iti
suṣuptyavasthā ।
kāraṇaśarīrābhimānī ātmā prājña ityuchyatē ।

pañcha kōśāḥ
pañcha kōśāḥ kē ?
annamayaḥ prāṇamayaḥ manōmayaḥ vijñānamayaḥ ānandamayaśchēti ।

annamayakōśaḥ
annamayaḥ kaḥ ?
annarasēnaiva bhūtvā annarasēnaiva vṛddhiṃ prāpya annarūpapṛthivyāṃ
yadvilīyatē tadannamayaḥ kōśaḥ sthūlaśarīram ।

prāṇamayakōśaḥ
prāṇamayaḥ kaḥ ?
prāṇādyāḥ pañchavāyavaḥ vāgādīndriyapañchakaṃ prāṇamayaḥ kōśaḥ ।

manōmayakōśaḥ
manōmayaḥ kōśaḥ kaḥ ?
manaścha jñānēndriyapañchakaṃ militvā yō bhavati sa manōmayaḥ kōśaḥ ।

vijñānamayakōśaḥ
vijñānamayaḥ kaḥ ?
buddhijñānēndriyapañchakaṃ militvā yō bhavati sa vijñānamayaḥ kōśaḥ

ānandamayakōśaḥ
ānandamayaḥ kaḥ ?
ēvamēva kāraṇaśarīrabhūtāvidyāsthamalinasattvaṃ
priyādivṛttisahitaṃ sat ānandamayaḥ kōśaḥ ।
ētatkōśapañchakam ।

pañchakōśātīta
madīyaṃ śarīraṃ madīyāḥ prāṇāḥ madīyaṃ manaścha
madīyā buddhirmadīyaṃ ajñānamiti svēnaiva jñāyatē
tadyathā madīyatvēna jñātaṃ kaṭakakuṇḍala gṛhādikaṃ
svasmādbhinnaṃ tathā pañchakōśādikaṃ svasmādbhinnam
madīyatvēna jñātamātmā na bhavati ॥

ātman
ātmā tarhi kaḥ ?
sachchidānandasvarūpaḥ ।
satkim ?
kālatrayē’pi tiṣṭhatīti sat ।
chitkim ?
jñānasvarūpaḥ ।
ānandaḥ kaḥ ?
sukhasvarūpaḥ ।
ēvaṃ sachchidānandasvarūpaṃ svātmānaṃ vijānīyāt ।

jagat
atha chaturviṃśatitattvōtpattiprakāraṃ vakṣyāmaḥ ।

māyā
brahmāśrayā sattvarajastamōguṇātmikā māyā asti ।

pañchabhūtāḥ
tataḥ ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ ।
ākāśād vāyuḥ ।
vāyōstējaḥ ।
tējasa āpaḥ ।
abhdhayaḥ pṛthivī ।

sattvaguṇaḥ
ētēṣāṃ pañchatattvānāṃ madhyē
ākāśasya sātvikāṃśāt śrōtrēndriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
vāyōḥ sātvikāṃśāt tvagindriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
agnēḥ sātvikāṃśāt chakṣurindriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
jalasya sātvikāṃśāt rasanēndriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
pṛthivyāḥ sātvikāṃśāt ghrāṇēndriyaṃ sambhūtam ।

antaḥkaraṇa
ētēṣāṃ pañchatattvānāṃ samaṣṭisātvikāṃśāt
manōbuddhyahaṅkāra chittāntaḥkaraṇāni sambhūtāni ।
saṅkalpavikalpātmakaṃ manaḥ ।
niśchayātmikā buddhiḥ ।
ahaṅkartā ahaṅkāraḥ ।
chintanakartṛ chittam ।
manasō dēvatā chandramāḥ ।
buddhē brahmā ।
ahaṅkārasya rudraḥ ।
chittasya vāsudēvaḥ ।

rajōguṇaḥ
ētēṣāṃ pañchatattvānāṃ madhyē
ākāśasya rājasāṃśāt vāgindriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
vāyōḥ rājasāṃśāt pāṇīndriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
vanhēḥ rājasāṃśāt pādēndriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
jalasya rājasāṃśāt upasthēndriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
pṛthivyā rājasāṃśāt gudēndriyaṃ sambhūtam ।
ētēṣāṃ samaṣṭirājasāṃśāt pañchaprāṇāḥ sambhūtāḥ ।

tamōguṇaḥ
ētēṣāṃ pañchatattvānāṃ tāmasāṃśāt
pañchīkṛtapañchatattvāni bhavanti ।
pañchīkaraṇaṃ kathaṃ iti chēt ।
ētēṣāṃ pañchamahābhūtānāṃ tāmasāṃśasvarūpam
ēkamēkaṃ bhūtaṃ dvidhā vibhajya ēkamēkamardhaṃ pṛthak
tūṣṇīṃ vyavasthāpya aparamaparamardhaṃ chaturdhāṃ vibhajya
svārdhamanyēṣu ardhēṣu svabhāgachatuṣṭayasaṃyōjanaṃ kāryam ।
tadā pañchīkaraṇaṃ bhavati ।
ētēbhyaḥ pañchīkṛtapañchamahābhūtēbhyaḥ sthūlaśarīraṃ bhavati ।
ēvaṃ piṇḍabrahmāṇḍayōraikyaṃ sambhūtam ।

jīvaḥ, īśvaraḥ cha
sthūlaśarīrābhimāni jīvanāmakaṃ brahmapratibimbaṃ bhavati ।
sa ēva jīvaḥ prakṛtyā svasmāt īśvaraṃ bhinnatvēna jānāti ।
avidyōpādhiḥ san ātmā jīva ityuchyatē ।
māyōpādhiḥ san īśvara ityuchyatē ।
ēvaṃ upādhibhēdāt jīvēśvarabhēdadṛṣṭiḥ yāvatparyantaṃ tiṣṭhati
tāvatparyantaṃ janmamaraṇādirūpasaṃsārō na nivartatē ।
tasmātkāraṇānna jīvēśvarayōrbhēdabuddhiḥ svīkāryā ।

tat tvaṃ asi
nanu sāhaṅkārasya kiñchijjñasya jīvasya nirahaṅkārasya sarvajñasya
īśvarasya tattvamasīti mahāvākyāt kathamabhēdabuddhiḥ syādubhayōḥ
viruddhadharmākrāntatvāt ।
iti chēnna । sthūlasūkṣmaśarīrābhimānī tvampadavāchyārthaḥ ।
upādhivinirmuktaṃ samādhidaśāsampannaṃ śuddhaṃ chaitanyaṃ
tvampadalakṣyārthaḥ ।
ēvaṃ sarvajñatvādiviśiṣṭa īśvaraḥ tatpadavāchyārthaḥ ।
upādhiśūnyaṃ śuddhachaitanyaṃ tatpadalakṣyārthaḥ ।
ēvaṃ cha jīvēśvarayō chaitanyarūpēṇā’bhēdē bādhakābhāvaḥ ।

jīvanmuktaḥ
ēvaṃ cha vēdāntavākyaiḥ sadgurūpadēśēna cha sarvēṣvapi
bhūtēṣu yēṣāṃ
brahmabuddhirutpannā tē jīvanmuktāḥ ityarthaḥ ।nanu jīvanmuktaḥ kaḥ ?
yathā dēhō’haṃ puruṣō’haṃ brāhmaṇō’haṃ śūdrō’hamasmīti
dṛḍhaniśchayastathā nāhaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ na śūdraḥ na puruṣaḥ
kintu asaṅgaḥ sachchidānanda svarūpaḥ prakāśarūpaḥ sarvāntaryāmī
chidākāśarūpō’smīti dṛḍhaniśchaya
rūpō’parōkṣajñānavān jīvanmuktaḥ ॥brahmaivāhamasmītyaparōkṣajñānēna nikhilakarmabandhavinirmuktaḥ
syāt ।

karmāṇi
karmāṇi katividhāni santīti chēt
āgāmisañchitaprārabdhabhēdēna trividhāni santi ।

āgāmi karma
jñānōtpattyanantaraṃ jñānidēhakṛtaṃ puṇyapāparūpaṃ karma
yadasti tadāgāmītyabhidhīyatē ।

sañchita karma
sañchitaṃ karma kim ?
anantakōṭijanmanāṃ bījabhūtaṃ sat yatkarmajātaṃ pūrvārjitaṃ
tiṣṭhati tat sañchitaṃ jñēyam ।

prārabdha karma
prārabdhaṃ karma kimiti chēt ।
idaṃ śarīramutpādya iha lōkē ēvaṃ sukhaduḥkhādipradaṃ yatkarma
tatprārabdhaṃ
bhōgēna naṣṭaṃ bhavati prārabdhakarmaṇāṃ bhōgādēva kṣaya iti ।

karma muktaḥ
sañchitaṃ karma brahmaivāhamiti niśchayātmakajñānēna naśyati ।āgāmi karma api jñānēna naśyati kiñcha āgāmi karmaṇāṃ
nalinīdalagatajalavat jñānināṃ sambandhō nāsti ।

jñāniḥ
kiñcha yē jñāninaṃ stuvanti bhajanti archayanti tānprati
jñānikṛtaṃ āgāmi puṇyaṃ gachChati ।
yē jñāninaṃ nindanti dviṣanti duḥkhapradānaṃ kurvanti tānprati
jñānikṛtaṃ sarvamāgāmi kriyamāṇaṃ yadavāchyaṃ karma
pāpātmakaṃ tadgachChati ।
suhṛdaḥ puṇyakṛtaṃ durhṛdaḥ pāpakṛtyaṃ gṛhṇanti ।

brahmānandam
tathā chātmavitsaṃsāraṃ tīrtvā brahmānandamihaiva prāpnōti ।
tarati śōkamātmavit iti śrutēḥ ।
tanuṃ tyajatu vā kāśyāṃ śvapachasya gṛhē’tha vā ।
jñānasamprāptisamayē muktā’sau vigatāśayaḥ । iti smṛtēścha ।iti śrīśaṅkarabhagavatpādāchāryapraṇītaḥ tattvabōdhaprakaraṇaṃ samāptam ।